What is the function of the tungsten electrode in GTAW?

In Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW), the tungsten electrode plays a crucial role in the welding process by creating the arc and conducting electricity. The tungsten material has a high melting point and excellent electrical conductivity, allowing it to maintain a stable arc when an electric current flows through it. As the arc forms between the tungsten electrode and the workpiece, the intense heat generated melts the base metal, allowing for fusion.

This function is fundamental to the operation of GTAW, as the arc serves as the heat source required to achieve proper penetration and bonding of the workpieces being welded. The electrode does not add filler metal to the weld; that is a separate process typically done with a filler rod when required. Additionally, while proper shielding gas is necessary to prevent contamination, the tungsten electrode itself does not provide this shielding. Cooling the weld area is also not a function of the tungsten electrode; rather, it is a result of other cooling methods or ambient conditions.